安卓无障碍脚本开发全教程

第一部分：无障碍服务基础

1.1 无障碍服务概述

安卓无障碍服务(Accessibility Service)是一种特殊类型的服务，旨在帮助残障用户或需要辅助功能的用户更好地使用设备。但它的功能远不止于此，开发者可以利用它实现自动化操作、界面监控和交互等功能。

核心功能：

• 界面内容访问：获取屏幕上的UI元素信息
• 自动化操作：模拟点击、滑动等用户操作
• 事件监控：监听窗口变化、通知、焦点改变等系统事件
• 增强交互：为特定应用提供定制化辅助功能

1.2 基本原理与架构

1.3 开发环境配置

所需工具：

• Android Studio最新版
• 安卓设备或模拟器(API 16+)
• ADB调试工具

关键依赖：

dependencies {implementation 'androidx.core:core-ktx:1.7.0'implementation 'androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.4.1'
}

第二部分：创建基础无障碍服务

2.1 服务声明配置

在AndroidManifest.xml中添加服务声明：

<serviceandroid:name=".MyAccessibilityService"android:permission="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE"android:exported="true"><intent-filter><action android:name="android.accessibilityservice.AccessibilityService" /></intent-filter><meta-dataandroid:name="android.accessibilityservice"android:resource="@xml/service_config" />
</service>

2.2 服务配置文件

创建res/xml/service_config.xml：

<accessibility-service xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"android:description="@string/accessibility_service_description"android:accessibilityEventTypes="typeAllMask"android:accessibilityFlags="flagDefault|flagRetrieveInteractiveWindows"android:canRetrieveWindowContent="true"android:settingsActivity="com.example.android.accessibility.ServiceSettingsActivity"android:canRequestFilterKeyEvents="true"android:canPerformGestures="true"android:notificationTimeout="100"android:packageNames="com.example.targetapp" />

关键属性说明：

• accessibilityEventTypes：监听的事件类型
• packageNames：指定监控的应用包名(可选)
• canPerformGestures：允许执行手势操作(API 24+)

2.3 实现服务类

创建基础服务类MyAccessibilityService.kt：

class MyAccessibilityService : AccessibilityService() {override fun onServiceConnected() {Log.d("A11yService", "无障碍服务已连接")// 可以在此处进行服务配置更新val info = AccessibilityServiceInfo().apply {eventTypes = AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED or AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGEDfeedbackType = AccessibilityServiceInfo.FEEDBACK_GENERICnotificationTimeout = 100flags = AccessibilityServiceInfo.DEFAULT orAccessibilityServiceInfo.FLAG_RETRIEVE_INTERACTIVE_WINDOWS}this.serviceInfo = info}override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent?) {event ?: returnwhen (event.eventType) {AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED -> {handleWindowChange(event)}AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_CLICKED -> {handleViewClick(event)}}}override fun onInterrupt() {Log.w("A11yService", "无障碍服务被中断")}private fun handleWindowChange(event: AccessibilityEvent) {val rootNode = rootInActiveWindow ?: returnLog.d("A11yService", "窗口变化: ${event.packageName}")// 遍历视图树traverseNode(rootNode)}private fun traverseNode(node: AccessibilityNodeInfo, depth: Int = 0) {if (node.childCount == 0) {Log.d("A11yTree", "${" ".repeat(depth)}${node.viewIdResourceName}")return}for (i in 0 until node.childCount) {node.getChild(i)?.let { child ->traverseNode(child, depth + 1)child.recycle()}}}
}

第三部分：高级功能实现

3.1 节点查找与操作

常用查找方法：

fun findNodes(root: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {// 通过文本查找val byText = root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByText("搜索")// 通过View ID查找(全限定ID)val byId = root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.example.app:id/btnSubmit")// 通过类名查找val editTexts = mutableListOf<AccessibilityNodeInfo>()val queue: Queue<AccessibilityNodeInfo> = LinkedList()queue.add(root)while (queue.isNotEmpty()) {val current = queue.poll()if (current.className == "android.widget.EditText") {editTexts.add(current)}for (i in 0 until current.childCount) {current.getChild(i)?.let { queue.add(it) }}}
}

节点操作示例：

fun performActions(node: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {// 点击操作if (node.isClickable) {node.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK)}// 文本输入val arguments = Bundle().apply {putCharSequence(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_ARGUMENT_SET_TEXT_CHARSEQUENCE, "Hello")}node.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SET_TEXT, arguments)// 焦点控制node.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_FOCUS)// 滚动操作node.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SCROLL_FORWARD)
}

3.2 手势模拟

Android支持通过无障碍服务模拟复杂手势：

fun performGesture(service: AccessibilityService) {val path = Path().apply {moveTo(100f, 100f)  // 起点lineTo(500f, 100f)   // 移动到右侧lineTo(500f, 500f)   // 向下移动lineTo(100f, 500f)   // 向左移动close()              // 闭合路径}val gestureBuilder = GestureDescription.Builder().addStroke(GestureDescription.StrokeDescription(path, 0L,  // 开始时间1000L,  // 持续时间(毫秒)false  // 是否持续))service.dispatchGesture(gestureBuilder.build(), object : AccessibilityService.GestureResultCallback() {override fun onCompleted(gestureDescription: GestureDescription?) {Log.d("Gesture", "手势完成")}override onCancelled(gestureDescription: GestureDescription?) {Log.w("Gesture", "手势取消")}}, null)
}

3.3 全局事件监听

监听系统级事件：

override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {when (event.eventType) {AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED -> {val notificationText = event.text.joinToString()Log.d("Notification", "新通知: $notificationText")}AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_ANNOUNCEMENT -> {Log.d("Announcement", "系统公告: ${event.text}")}AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_TOUCH_EXPLORATION_GESTURE_START -> {Log.d("Touch", "触摸探索开始")}}
}

第四部分：实战案例开发

4.1 自动填写表单

class FormFillerService : AccessibilityService() {private val formData = mapOf("username" to "testuser","password" to "secure123","email" to "test@example.com")override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {if (event.eventType != AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_CONTENT_CHANGED) returnval rootNode = rootInActiveWindow ?: returnformData.forEach { (fieldName, value) ->val nodes = rootNode.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.example.app:id/$fieldName")nodes.firstOrNull()?.let { field ->if (field.className == "android.widget.EditText") {val args = Bundle().apply {putCharSequence(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_ARGUMENT_SET_TEXT_CHARSEQUENCE, value)}field.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SET_TEXT, args)}}}// 自动提交表单rootNode.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.example.app:id/submit").firstOrNull()?.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK)}
}

4.2 消息自动回复

class AutoReplyService : AccessibilityService() {private val replyMessages = listOf("我正在开会，稍后回复您","好的，收到","谢谢通知")override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {if (event.packageName != "com.whatsapp") returnwhen (event.eventType) {AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_NOTIFICATION_STATE_CHANGED -> {// 处理通知事件val messages = event.text.filter { it.contains("发来消息") }if (messages.isNotEmpty()) {replyToLatestMessage()}}AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_VIEW_TEXT_CHANGED -> {// 处理界面文本变化if (isChatOpen()) {autoReplyInChat()}}}}private fun replyToLatestMessage() {// 实现打开聊天界面并回复的逻辑}private fun isChatOpen(): Boolean {// 检测当前是否在聊天界面}private fun autoReplyInChat() {val root = rootInActiveWindow ?: returnval messageNodes = root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.whatsapp:id/message_text")// 获取最后一条消息val lastMessage = messageNodes.lastOrNull()?.text ?: return// 随机选择回复内容val randomReply = replyMessages.random()// 找到输入框并发送root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.whatsapp:id/entry").firstOrNull()?.let { input ->val args = Bundle().apply {putCharSequence(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_ARGUMENT_SET_TEXT_CHARSEQUENCE, randomReply)}input.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_SET_TEXT, args)// 发送消息root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.whatsapp:id/send").firstOrNull()?.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK)}}
}

4.3 游戏自动化辅助

class GameHelperService : AccessibilityService() {private var isRunning = falseprivate val handler = Handler(Looper.getMainLooper())private val clickRunnable = object : Runnable {override fun run() {performAutoClick()if (isRunning) {handler.postDelayed(this, 1000) // 每秒点击一次}}}override fun onServiceConnected() {val info = AccessibilityServiceInfo().apply {eventTypes = AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGEDfeedbackType = AccessibilityServiceInfo.FEEDBACK_GENERICflags = AccessibilityServiceInfo.FLAG_REPORT_VIEW_IDS}serviceInfo = info}override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {if (event.packageName != "com.game.package") returnwhen (event.eventType) {AccessibilityEvent.TYPE_WINDOW_STATE_CHANGED -> {checkGameState()}}}private fun checkGameState() {val root = rootInActiveWindow ?: returnval battleNode = root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.game.package:id/battle_indicator")if (battleNode.isNotEmpty()) {startAutoClicking()} else {stopAutoClicking()}}private fun startAutoClicking() {if (!isRunning) {isRunning = truehandler.post(clickRunnable)}}private fun stopAutoClicking() {isRunning = falsehandler.removeCallbacks(clickRunnable)}private fun performAutoClick() {val root = rootInActiveWindow ?: returnval attackBtn = root.findAccessibilityNodeInfosByViewId("com.game.package:id/attack_button").firstOrNull()attackBtn?.performAction(AccessibilityNodeInfo.ACTION_CLICK)// 随机位置点击，避免被检测为机器人if (Math.random() < 0.3) {val randomX = (100..500).random()val randomY = (200..800).random()dispatchGesture(createClickGesture(randomX, randomY), null, null)}}private fun createClickGesture(x: Int, y: Int): GestureDescription {val clickPath = Path().apply {moveTo(x.toFloat(), y.toFloat())}return GestureDescription.Builder().addStroke(GestureDescription.StrokeDescription(clickPath, 0, 50)).build()}
}

第五部分：调试与优化

5.1 调试技巧

ADB调试命令：

# 查看已启用的无障碍服务
adb shell settings get secure enabled_accessibility_services# 启用服务
adb shell settings put secure enabled_accessibility_services com.example.pkg/.MyAccessibilityService# 查看无障碍事件日志
adb shell logcat -s AccessibilityEvent

日志记录最佳实践：

fun logNodeInfo(node: AccessibilityNodeInfo) {val sb = StringBuilder().apply {append("View ID: ${node.viewIdResourceName}\n")append("Text: ${node.text}\n")append("Class: ${node.className}\n")append("Bounds: ${node.boundsInScreen}\n")append("Actions: ${node.actionList.joinToString()}\n")append("ChildCount: ${node.childCount}\n")}Log.d("NodeInfo", sb.toString())
}

5.2 性能优化

优化建议：

1. 减少遍历深度：只查找必要的节点层级
2. 及时回收节点：调用recycle()释放资源
3. 事件过滤：只监听必要的事件类型
4. 延迟处理：对频繁事件使用防抖
5. 后台处理：将耗时操作移到工作线程

优化示例：

class OptimizedService : AccessibilityService() {private val eventQueue = LinkedBlockingQueue<AccessibilityEvent>()private val workerThread = HandlerThread("EventProcessor").apply { start() }private val workerHandler = Handler(workerThread.looper)private val eventProcessor = object : Runnable {override fun run() {while (true) {val event = eventQueue.take()processEvent(event)}}}override fun onCreate() {super.onCreate()workerHandler.post(eventProcessor)}override fun onAccessibilityEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {// 快速将事件加入队列，避免阻塞主线程eventQueue.put(event)}private fun processEvent(event: AccessibilityEvent) {// 实际处理逻辑}override fun onDestroy() {workerThread.quitSafely()super.onDestroy()}
}

第六部分：发布与安全

6.1 权限与隐私

必要权限声明：

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BIND_ACCESSIBILITY_SERVICE" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE" />

隐私注意事项：

1. 明确告知用户：在隐私政策中说明数据收集范围
2. 最小权限原则：只请求必要的权限
3. 敏感数据处理：避免收集密码等敏感信息
4. 数据加密：对存储的日志和数据进行加密

6.2 发布流程

1. 测试阶段：

   • 在不同安卓版本上测试
   • 在各种品牌设备上测试(特别是国产ROM)
   • 测试电池消耗情况

2. 应用商店要求：

   • 明确说明是无障碍辅助工具
   • 提供详细的使用说明视频
   • 如果是自动化工具，需遵守各商店政策

3. 持续更新：

   • 定期适配新安卓版本
   • 针对流行应用的特殊适配
   • 根据用户反馈优化功能

第七部分：高级主题

7.1 与其他技术的结合

与Tasker集成：

// 接收Tasker的广播意图
private val taskerReceiver = object : BroadcastReceiver() {override fun onReceive(context: Context, intent: Intent) {if (intent.action == "net.dinglisch.android.tasker.ACTION_TRIGGER") {val task = intent.getStringExtra("task")when (task) {"start_automation" -> startAutomation()"stop_automation" -> stopAutomation()}}}
}override fun onCreate() {super.onCreate()registerReceiver(taskerReceiver, IntentFilter("net.dinglisch.android.tasker.ACTION_TRIGGER"))
}

使用机器学习：

// 使用ML Kit识别屏幕内容
fun detectTextFromScreen(bitmap: Bitmap): String {val recognizer = TextRecognition.getClient(TextRecognizerOptions.DEFAULT_OPTIONS)val image = InputImage.fromBitmap(bitmap, 0)return try {val result = recognizer.process(image).await()result.text} catch (e: Exception) {Log.e("ML", "识别失败", e)""}
}// 截图并处理
fun captureAndAnalyze() {val projection = MediaProjectionManager.createScreenCaptureIntent()// 需要先获取用户授权...val imageReader = ImageReader.newInstance(screenWidth, screenHeight, PixelFormat.RGBA_8888, 2)imageReader.setOnImageAvailableListener({ reader ->val image = reader.acquireLatestImage()// 转换为Bitmap并传递给识别器val text = detectTextFromScreen(convertImageToBitmap(image))Log.d("ScreenText", "识别结果: $text")image.close()}, handler)
}

7.2 跨版本兼容性处理

版本差异处理表：

功能	API 16-22	API 23-28	API 29+
节点信息获取	基本支持	增强支持	受限
手势模拟	不支持	部分支持	完全支持
隐私限制	无	部分	严格
后台服务	允许	限制	严格限制

兼容性代码示例：

fun performActionCompat(node: AccessibilityNodeInfo, action: Int, args: Bundle? = null): Boolean {return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP) {node.performAction(action, args)} else {node.performAction(action)}
}fun getNodeTextCompat(node: AccessibilityNodeInfo): String {return if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.O) {node.text?.toString() ?: ""} else {node.text ?: ""}
}