GoFrame MongoDB 使用指南

1. 安装依赖

# 安装官方MongoDB驱动
go get -u go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo
go get -u go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options
go get -u go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson

2. MongoDB 连接示例

package mainimport ("context""log""time""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
)func ConnectMongoDB() (*mongo.Client, error) {// 设置客户端连接配置clientOptions := options.Client().ApplyURI("mongodb://localhost:27017")// 设置连接超时ctx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(context.Background(), 10*time.Second)defer cancel()// 连接到MongoDBclient, err := mongo.Connect(ctx, clientOptions)if err != nil {return nil, err}// 验证连接err = client.Ping(ctx, nil)if err != nil {return nil, err}return client, nil
}

3. 数据操作示例

package mainimport ("context""log""time""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/bson""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo/options"
)type User struct {ID       string    `bson:"_id,omitempty"`Username string    `bson:"username"`Email    string    `bson:"email"`Age      int       `bson:"age"`CreateAt time.Time `bson:"create_at"`
}// 插入数据
func InsertUser(client *mongo.Client, user User) error {collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")_, err := collection.InsertOne(context.Background(), user)return err
}// 查询数据
func FindUserByUsername(client *mongo.Client, username string) (*User, error) {collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")var user Usererr := collection.FindOne(context.Background(), bson.M{"username": username}).Decode(&user)if err != nil {return nil, err}return &user, nil
}// 更新数据
func UpdateUser(client *mongo.Client, username string, update bson.M) error {collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")_, err := collection.UpdateOne(context.Background(), bson.M{"username": username},bson.M{"$set": update},)return err
}// 删除数据
func DeleteUser(client *mongo.Client, username string) error {collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")_, err := collection.DeleteOne(context.Background(), bson.M{"username": username})return err
}// 复杂查询
func ComplexQuery(client *mongo.Client) ([]User, error) {collection := client.Database("testdb").Collection("users")// 查询年龄大于18的用户cursor, err := collection.Find(context.Background(), bson.M{"age": bson.M{"$gt": 18},})if err != nil {return nil, err}defer cursor.Close(context.Background())var users []Userif err = cursor.All(context.Background(), &users); err != nil {return nil, err}return users, nil
}

4. 与GoFrame集成

虽然GoFrame的gdb不直接支持MongoDB，但你可以在GoFrame应用中使用官方MongoDB驱动：

package serviceimport ("github.com/gogf/gf/v2/frame/g""go.mongodb.org/mongo-driver/mongo"
)type MongoService struct {client *mongo.Client
}func (s *MongoService) Init() error {client, err := ConnectMongoDB()if err != nil {g.Log().Error(context.Background(), "MongoDB连接失败:", err)return err}s.client = clientreturn nil
}func (s *MongoService) GetCollection(dbName, collectionName string) *mongo.Collection {return s.client.Database(dbName).Collection(collectionName)
}

5. 注意事项

使用官方MongoDB驱动
正确管理数据库连接
使用上下文(Context)控制超时
添加适当的错误处理
考虑连接池和性能优化

6. 复杂查询示例

// 复杂条件查询
func ComplexQuery(ctx context.Context) {// 年龄大于18且邮箱域名为gmail的用户users, err := g.Model("users").Ctx(ctx).Where("age", ">", 18).WhereLike("email", "%@gmail.com").Order("create_at DESC").Limit(10).All()// 聚合查询result, err := g.Model("users").Ctx(ctx).Fields("age", "COUNT(*) as count").Group("age").Having("count > 5").All()
}

7. 事务处理

func TransactionExample(ctx context.Context) error {return g.DB().Transaction(ctx, func(ctx context.Context, tx *gdb.TX) error {// 执行多个数据库操作_, err1 := tx.Model("users").Data(g.Map{"username": "newuser","email":    "newuser@example.com",}).Insert()_, err2 := tx.Model("logs").Data(g.Map{"action": "user_created",}).Insert()// 任何一个操作失败都会回滚if err1 != nil || err2 != nil {return errors.New("transaction failed")}return nil})
}

8. 性能优化建议

使用索引
避免返回大量数据
使用投影减少网络传输
合理使用缓存

9. 错误处理

func ErrorHandling(ctx context.Context) {user, err := dao.User.FindByUsername(ctx, "example")if err != nil {switch {case err == g.ErrRecordNotFound:// 处理未找到记录g.Log().Error(ctx, "User not found")case g.IsDBError(err):// 处理数据库错误g.Log().Error(ctx, "Database error:", err)default:// 其他未知错误g.Log().Error(ctx, "Unexpected error:", err)}}
}