在Maven中替换文件内容的插件和方法

Maven提供了几种方式来替换文件内容，以下是常用的插件和方法：

1. maven-replacer-plugin (推荐)

这是专门用于文件内容替换的插件，功能强大且灵活。

基本配置

<plugin><groupId>com.google.code.maven-replacer-plugin</groupId><artifactId>replacer</artifactId><version>1.5.3</version><executions><execution><phase>process-resources</phase><goals><goal>replace</goal></goals></execution></executions><configuration><file>src/main/resources/config.properties</file><replacements><replacement><token>@version@</token><value>${project.version}</value></replacement><replacement><token>@timestamp@</token><value>${maven.build.timestamp}</value></replacement></replacements></configuration>
</plugin>

高级用法

多文件替换：

<configuration><includes><include>**/*.properties</include><include>**/*.xml</include></includes>
</configuration>

正则表达式替换：

<replacement><token>\d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}</token><value>${current.date}</value><regex>true</regex>
</replacement>

从文件读取替换内容：

<replacementsFile>replacements.properties</replacementsFile>

2. maven-resources-plugin 过滤功能

Maven内置的资源插件也可以实现简单的替换：

<plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-resources-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3.0</version><configuration><resources><resource><directory>src/main/resources</directory><filtering>true</filtering><includes><include>**/*.properties</include></includes></resource></resources></configuration>
</plugin>

然后在文件中使用 ${property} 格式的占位符，并在pom.xml或properties文件中定义这些属性。

3. maven-antrun-plugin 结合Ant替换任务

如果需要更复杂的替换逻辑，可以使用Ant的replace任务：

<plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><executions><execution><phase>process-resources</phase><goals><goal>run</goal></goals><configuration><target><replace file="src/main/resources/config.properties" token="@db.url@" value="${database.url}"/><replace dir="src/main/webapp" includes="**/*.html" token="Copyright 2010" value="Copyright ${current.year}"/></target></configuration></execution></executions>
</plugin>

4. templating-maven-plugin

适合模板化文件生成：

<plugin><groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId><artifactId>templating-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>1.0.0</version><executions><execution><id>filter-src</id><goals><goal>filter-sources</goal></goals></execution></executions>
</plugin>

最佳实践

简单替换：使用maven-resources-plugin的过滤功能
复杂替换：使用maven-replacer-plugin
需要Ant功能：使用maven-antrun-plugin
模板生成：使用templating-maven-plugin
注意事项：
- 替换操作通常放在process-resources阶段
- 对二进制文件不要启用过滤
- 考虑添加文件编码配置：
```
<properties><project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
</properties>
```

示例：综合使用

<build><plugins><!-- 定义属性 --><plugin><groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId><artifactId>build-helper-maven-plugin</artifactId><version>3.3.0</version><executions><execution><id>timestamp-property</id><goals><goal>timestamp-property</goal></goals><configuration><name>current.time</name><pattern>yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss</pattern></configuration></execution></executions></plugin><!-- 执行替换 --><plugin><groupId>com.google.code.maven-replacer-plugin</groupId><artifactId>replacer</artifactId><version>1.5.3</version><executions><execution><phase>process-resources</phase><goals><goal>replace</goal></goals><configuration><file>src/main/resources/application.properties</file><replacements><replacement><token>@app.version@</token><value>${project.version}</value></replacement><replacement><token>@build.time@</token><value>${current.time}</value></replacement></replacements></configuration></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>