使用Maven和Ant上传文件到Linux服务器

在Maven项目中结合Ant任务上传文件到Linux服务器可以通过以下几种方式实现：

1. 使用maven-antrun-plugin的SCP任务

这是最常见的方式，需要配置maven-antrun-plugin并使用Ant的SCP任务：

<build><plugins><plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><dependencies><!-- 添加JSch依赖以支持SCP --><dependency><groupId>com.jcraft</groupId><artifactId>jsch</artifactId><version>0.1.55</version></dependency></dependencies><executions><execution><id>scp-upload</id><phase>deploy</phase><goals><goal>run</goal></goals><configuration><target><!-- 定义SCP任务 --><taskdef name="scp" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.Scp"classpathref="maven.plugin.classpath"/><!-- 执行文件上传 --><scp file="${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}.jar"todir="${server.username}:${server.password}@${server.host}:${server.deploy.path}"trust="true" verbose="true"/><!-- 或者上传整个目录 --><scp todir="${server.username}:${server.password}@${server.host}:${server.deploy.path}" trust="true" verbose="true"><fileset dir="${project.build.directory}/dist"/></scp></target></configuration></execution></executions></plugin></plugins>
</build>

2. 使用SSHExec执行命令

如果需要在上传后执行命令（如重启服务），可以使用SSHExec任务：

<target><taskdef name="sshexec" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.SSHExec"classpathref="maven.plugin.classpath"/><sshexec host="${server.host}"username="${server.username}"password="${server.password}"command="mkdir -p ${server.deploy.path}"trust="true"/>
</target>

3. 配置服务器信息

建议在Maven的settings.xml或pom.properties中配置服务器信息：

<properties><server.host>your.server.com</server.host><server.port>22</server.port><server.username>deployuser</server.username><server.password>deploypass</server.password><server.deploy.path>/opt/app/deploy</server.deploy.path>
</properties>

更安全的做法是在settings.xml中配置：

<servers><server><id>deployment-server</id><username>deployuser</username><password>deploypass</password></server>
</servers>

然后在pom.xml中引用：

<properties><server.host>your.server.com</server.host><server.deploy.path>/opt/app/deploy</server.deploy.path>
</properties>

4. 使用密钥认证（推荐）

更安全的方式是使用SSH密钥认证而非密码：

<target><scp file="${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}.jar"todir="${server.username}@${server.host}:${server.deploy.path}"keyfile="${user.home}/.ssh/id_rsa"passphrase=""trust="true"/>
</target>

5. 完整示例

<plugin><groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId><artifactId>maven-antrun-plugin</artifactId><version>3.1.0</version><dependencies><dependency><groupId>com.jcraft</groupId><artifactId>jsch</artifactId><version>0.1.55</version></dependency></dependencies><executions><execution><id>deploy-to-server</id><phase>deploy</phase><goals><goal>run</goal></goals><configuration><target><!-- 定义SSH任务 --><taskdef name="scp" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.Scp"classpathref="maven.plugin.classpath"/><taskdef name="sshexec" classname="org.apache.tools.ant.taskdefs.optional.ssh.SSHExec"classpathref="maven.plugin.classpath"/><!-- 1. 创建远程目录 --><sshexec host="${server.host}"username="${server.username}"keyfile="${user.home}/.ssh/id_rsa"passphrase=""command="mkdir -p ${server.deploy.path}"trust="true"/><!-- 2. 上传文件 --><scp file="${project.build.directory}/${project.build.finalName}.jar"todir="${server.username}@${server.host}:${server.deploy.path}"keyfile="${user.home}/.ssh/id_rsa"passphrase=""trust="true"/><!-- 3. 设置权限 --><sshexec host="${server.host}"username="${server.username}"keyfile="${user.home}/.ssh/id_rsa"passphrase=""command="chmod 755 ${server.deploy.path}/${project.build.finalName}.jar"trust="true"/></target></configuration></execution></executions>
</plugin>