配置共享存储
Prometheus 需要配置持久化存储，防止数据丢失
服务端
服务端安装 NFS 服务
sudo apt install nfs-kernel-server创建共享目录，在服务器端创建 /nfs 目录。
mkdir /nfs
chmod -R 777 /nfs # 设置文件权限nfs目录下只给了默认权限，不设置权限，会报错
GF_PATHS_DATA='/var/lib/grafana' is not writable.
You may have issues with file permissions, more information here: http://docs.grafana.org/installation/docker/#migrate-to-v51-or-later
mkdir: can't create directory '/var/lib/grafana/plugins': Permission denied编写配置文件
vim /etc/exports
#[任意主机所有权限]
/nfs *(rw,sync,insecure,no_subtree_check,no_root_squash)重启 NFS 服务
sudo service nfs-kernel-server restart常用命令工具
#在安装 NFS 服务器时，已包含常用的命令行工具，无需额外安装
#显示已经 mount 到本机 NFS 目录的客户端机器
sudo showmount -e localhost
#将配置文件中的目录全部重新 export 一次，无需重启服务
sudo exportfs -rv
#查看 NFS 的运行状态
sudo nfsstat
#查看 rpc 执行信息，可以用于检测 rpc 运行情况
sudo rpcinfo客户端
需要连接服务端的节点，例如 node 节点
安装客户端工具
sudo apt install nfs-common查看 NFS 服务器上的共享目录
#显示指定的 NFS 服务器(假设 IP 地址为 192.168.58.29)上 export 出来的目录
sudo showmount -e 192.168.58.29创建本地挂载目录
sudo mkdir -p /nfs挂载共享目录
#假设 NFS 服务器 IP为 192.168.58.29，可以如下设置挂载
sudo mount -t nfs 192.168.58.29:/nfs /nfs开始安装 Prometheus
下载 Prometheus 压缩包
在 releases 中，找到自己想安装的版本：https://github.com/prometheus-community/helm-charts/releases/
wget https://github.com/prometheus-community/helm-charts/releases/download/kube-prometheus-stack-72.3.1/kube-prometheus-stack-72.3.1.tgz配置持久化卷
创建 prometheus-storage-class.yaml 文件
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
kind: StorageClass
metadata:name: prometheus-storage
provisioner: kubernetes.io/no-provisioner
volumeBindingMode: WaitForFirstConsumer创建 prometheus-pv.yaml 文件
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: prometheus-pv
spec:capacity:storage: 40GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteOncepersistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: RetainstorageClassName: prometheus-storagenfs:path: /nfs/prometheusserver: 192.168.58.29
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: alertmanager-pv
spec:capacity:storage: 2GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteOncepersistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: RetainstorageClassName: prometheus-storagenfs:path: /nfs/alertmanagerserver: 192.168.58.29
---
apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:name: grafana-pv
spec:capacity:storage: 8GiaccessModes:- ReadWriteOncepersistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: RetainstorageClassName: prometheus-storagenfs:path: /nfs/grafanaserver: 192.168.58.29执行安装 StorageClass、pv
kubectl apply -f prometheus-storage-class.yaml
kubectl apply -f prometheus-pv.yaml验证安装
kubectl get StorageClass
kubectl get pv配置 Prometheus 自定义配置
创建 values.yaml 文件，启用持久化存储并指定 StorageClass：
prometheus:prometheusSpec:storageSpec:volumeClaimTemplate:spec:storageClassName: prometheus-storageaccessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]resources:requests:storage: 40Gi
alertmanager:alertmanagerSpec:storage:volumeClaimTemplate:spec:storageClassName: prometheus-storageaccessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]resources:requests:storage: 2Gi
grafana:persistence:enabled: truestorageClassName: prometheus-storageaccessModes: ["ReadWriteOnce"]size: 8Gi创建共享存储文件夹
mkdir -p /nfs/alertmanager /nfs/grafana /nfs/prometheuschmod -R 777 /nfshelm 离线安装
helm install prometheus ./kube-prometheus-stack-72.3.1.tgz \--namespace monitoring \--create-namespace \-f values.yaml安装完成，输出日志：
NAME: prometheus
LAST DEPLOYED: Wed May 14 15:41:31 2025
NAMESPACE: monitoring
STATUS: deployed
REVISION: 1
NOTES:
kube-prometheus-stack has been installed. Check its status by running:kubectl --namespace monitoring get pods -l "release=prometheus"Get Grafana 'admin' user password by running:kubectl --namespace monitoring get secrets prometheus-grafana -o jsonpath="{.data.admin-password}" | base64 -d ; echoAccess Grafana local instance:export POD_NAME=$(kubectl --namespace monitoring get pod -l "app.kubernetes.io/name=grafana,app.kubernetes.io/instance=prometheus" -oname)kubectl --namespace monitoring port-forward $POD_NAME 3000Visit https://github.com/prometheus-operator/kube-prometheus for instructions on how to create & configure Alertmanager and Prometheus instances using the Operator.卸载 Prometheus
helm uninstall prometheus --namespace monitoring
)