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使用Spring Boot构建电商订单系统API的实践

2025/7/13 6:17:30 来源:https://blog.csdn.net/2301_78671173/article/details/145756034  浏览:    关键词:使用Spring Boot构建电商订单系统API的实践

以下是使用 Spring Boot 构建电商订单系统 API 的详细实践步骤:

1. 项目初始化

首先,你可以使用 Spring Initializr(https://start.spring.io/ )来创建一个新的 Spring Boot 项目。在创建项目时,选择以下依赖:

  • Spring Web:用于构建 RESTful API。
  • Spring Data JPA:用于与数据库交互。
  • H2 Database(开发环境使用):一个轻量级的嵌入式数据库。

2. 数据库设计

订单系统通常涉及几个关键实体:用户、商品、订单和订单项。以下是使用 JPA 注解定义的实体类示例:

用户实体类(User.java)
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;@Entity
public class User {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;private String username;private String email;// 构造函数、Getter 和 Setter 方法public User() {}public User(String username, String email) {this.username = username;this.email = email;}public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getUsername() {return username;}public void setUsername(String username) {this.username = username;}public String getEmail() {return email;}public void setEmail(String email) {this.email = email;}
}
商品实体类(Product.java)

import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.GenerationType;
import javax.persistence.Id;
import java.math.BigDecimal;@Entity
public class Product {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;private String name;private BigDecimal price;// 构造函数、Getter 和 Setter 方法public Product() {}public Product(String name, BigDecimal price) {this.name = name;this.price = price;}public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public String getName() {return name;}public void setName(String name) {this.name = name;}public BigDecimal getPrice() {return price;}public void setPrice(BigDecimal price) {this.price = price;}
}
订单实体类(Order.java)

import javax.persistence.*;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;@Entity
public class Order {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@ManyToOneprivate User user;@OneToMany(mappedBy = "order", cascade = CascadeType.ALL)private List<OrderItem> orderItems = new ArrayList<>();// 构造函数、Getter 和 Setter 方法public Order() {}public Order(User user) {this.user = user;}public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public User getUser() {return user;}public void setUser(User user) {this.user = user;}public List<OrderItem> getOrderItems() {return orderItems;}public void setOrderItems(List<OrderItem> orderItems) {this.orderItems = orderItems;}
}
订单项实体类(OrderItem.java)
import javax.persistence.*;
import java.math.BigDecimal;@Entity
public class OrderItem {@Id@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.IDENTITY)private Long id;@ManyToOneprivate Product product;private int quantity;private BigDecimal totalPrice;@ManyToOneprivate Order order;// 构造函数、Getter 和 Setter 方法public OrderItem() {}public OrderItem(Product product, int quantity, Order order) {this.product = product;this.quantity = quantity;this.totalPrice = product.getPrice().multiply(BigDecimal.valueOf(quantity));this.order = order;}public Long getId() {return id;}public void setId(Long id) {this.id = id;}public Product getProduct() {return product;}public void setProduct(Product product) {this.product = product;}public int getQuantity() {return quantity;}public void setQuantity(int quantity) {this.quantity = quantity;}public BigDecimal getTotalPrice() {return totalPrice;}public void setTotalPrice(BigDecimal totalPrice) {this.totalPrice = totalPrice;}public Order getOrder() {return order;}public void setOrder(Order order) {this.order = order;}
}

3. 创建 Repository 接口

为每个实体类创建对应的 Repository 接口,用于与数据库进行交互。

UserRepository.java
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
ProductRepository.java
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface ProductRepository extends JpaRepository<Product, Long> {
}
OrderRepository.java
import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaRepository;public interface OrderRepository extends JpaRepository<Order, Long> {
}

4. 创建 Service 层

Service 层负责处理业务逻辑。以下是一个简单的订单服务示例:

OrderService.java

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;import java.util.List;@Service
public class OrderService {@Autowiredprivate OrderRepository orderRepository;public Order createOrder(Order order) {return orderRepository.save(order);}public Order getOrderById(Long id) {return orderRepository.findById(id).orElse(null);}public List<Order> getAllOrders() {return orderRepository.findAll();}
}

5. 创建 Controller 层

Controller 层负责处理 HTTP 请求,并调用 Service 层的方法。

OrderController.java
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.http.HttpStatus;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*;import java.util.List;@RestController
@RequestMapping("/orders")
public class OrderController {@Autowiredprivate OrderService orderService;@PostMappingpublic ResponseEntity<Order> createOrder(@RequestBody Order order) {Order createdOrder = orderService.createOrder(order);return new ResponseEntity<>(createdOrder, HttpStatus.CREATED);}@GetMapping("/{id}")public ResponseEntity<Order> getOrderById(@PathVariable Long id) {Order order = orderService.getOrderById(id);if (order != null) {return new ResponseEntity<>(order, HttpStatus.OK);} else {return new ResponseEntity<>(HttpStatus.NOT_FOUND);}}@GetMappingpublic ResponseEntity<List<Order>> getAllOrders() {List<Order> orders = orderService.getAllOrders();return new ResponseEntity<>(orders, HttpStatus.OK);}
}

6. 配置数据库

在 application.properties 中配置 H2 数据库:

展开

7. 运行项目并测试 API

启动 Spring Boot 应用程序,你可以使用 Postman 或其他 API 测试工具来测试以下 API 端点:

通过以上步骤,你就可以使用 Spring Boot 构建一个简单的电商订单系统 API。在实际项目中,你可能还需要添加更多的功能,如订单状态管理、支付集成、错误处理等。

  • 创建订单POST http://localhost:8080/orders
    请求体示例:
  • {"user": {"id": 1,"username": "john_doe","email": "john@example.com"},"orderItems": [{"product": {"id": 1,"name": "iPhone","price": 999.99},"quantity": 1}]
    }

  • 获取单个订单GET http://localhost:8080/orders/1
  • 获取所有订单GET http://localhost:8080/orders

  •  

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