uniapp 腾讯云 COS 文件管理进阶（文件夹分类与批量操作）

引言

在完成基础的文件上传下载功能后，实际开发中往往需要更精细化的文件管理能力。本文将聚焦 文件夹分类、文件重命名、批量操作 等核心需求，手把手教你打造企业级文件管理系统，适用于 网盘类App、在线教育平台、企业协作工具 等场景。

一、核心功能架构

二、文件夹管理实现

1. 创建文件夹（模拟实现）

// COS本身无目录概念，通过0字节文件模拟
async function createFolder(folderPath) {const client = await createCOSClient();const key = `${folderPath}/.keep`; // 约定俗成的占位文件return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {client.putObject({Bucket: 'example-1250000000',Region: 'ap-guangzhou',Key: key,Body: '', // 空内容ContentType: 'application/octet-stream'}, (err, data) => {if (err) return reject(err);resolve(data);});});
}// 使用示例
createFolder('documents/2024').then(() => {uni.showToast({ title: '文件夹创建成功' });
});

2. 列出文件夹内容

async function listFolder(folderPath = '') {const client = await createCOSClient();const prefix = folderPath ? `${folderPath}/` : '';return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {client.getBucket({Bucket: 'example-1250000000',Region: 'ap-guangzhou',Prefix: prefix,Delimiter: '/' // 关键参数：按目录分隔}, (err, data) => {if (err) return reject(err);const result = {folders: data.CommonPrefixes || [],files: (data.Contents || []).filter(item => !item.Key.endsWith('/'))};resolve(result);});});
}// 使用示例
listFolder('documents').then(res => {console.log('子文件夹:', res.folders);console.log('文件:', res.files);
});

3. 删除空文件夹

async function deleteEmptyFolder(folderPath) {const client = await createCOSClient();const key = `${folderPath}/.keep`;return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {client.deleteObject({Bucket: 'example-1250000000',Region: 'ap-guangzhou',Key: key}, (err, data) => {if (err && err.code !== 'NoSuchKey') return reject(err);resolve(data);});});
}

三、文件高级操作

1. 文件重命名

async function renameFile(oldKey, newName) {const client = await createCOSClient();const newKey = oldKey.replace(/[^/]+$/, newName);return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {client.postObjectCopy({Bucket: 'example-1250000000',Region: 'ap-guangzhou',Key: newKey,CopySource: `/${BUCKET_NAME}/${encodeURIComponent(oldKey)}`}, (err, data) => {if (err) return reject(err);// 删除原文件client.deleteObject({Key: oldKey}, (delErr) => {if (delErr) return reject(delErr);resolve(data);});});});
}

2. 文件分类移动

async function moveToFolder(fileKey, targetFolder) {const newKey = `${targetFolder}/${fileKey.split('/').pop()}`;return renameFile(fileKey, newKey);
}

四、批量操作优化

1. 批量删除文件

async function batchDelete(fileKeys) {const client = await createCOSClient();const objects = fileKeys.map(key => ({ Key: key }));return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {client.deleteMultipleObject({Bucket: 'example-1250000000',Region: 'ap-guangzhou',Objects: objects,Quiet: true}, (err, data) => {if (err) return reject(err);resolve(data);});});
}

2. 批量移动文件

async function batchMove(fileKeys, targetFolder) {const promises = fileKeys.map(key => moveToFolder(key, targetFolder));return Promise.all(promises);
}

五、跨平台注意事项

1. 小程序路径处理

// 处理小程序路径限制
function normalizeKey(key) {return key.replace(/[\\]/g, '/'); // 统一路径分隔符
}

2. App端文件系统集成

// 使用uni.saveFile实现本地缓存
async function cacheFile(cosUrl) {const res = await uni.downloadFile({ url: cosUrl });const cachedPath = res.tempFilePath;const saved = await uni.saveFile({tempFilePath: cachedPath,success: (res) => res.savedFilePath});return saved;
}

六、性能优化策略

1. 并发控制

// 使用p-limit控制并发数
import pLimit from 'p-limit';
const limit = pLimit(5); // 最大5个并发async function safeBatchDelete(keys) {const promises = keys.map(key => limit(() => deleteFile(key)));return Promise.all(promises);
}

2. 操作队列

class OperationQueue {constructor() {this.queue = [];this.isProcessing = false;}add(task) {return new Promise((resolve, reject) => {this.queue.push({ task, resolve, reject });this.process();});}async process() {if (this.isProcessing) return;this.isProcessing = true;while (this.queue.length > 0) {const { task, resolve, reject } = this.queue.shift();try {const result = await task();resolve(result);} catch (err) {reject(err);}}this.isProcessing = false;}
}// 使用示例
const queue = new OperationQueue();
queue.add(() => deleteFile('key1'));
queue.add(() => deleteFile('key2'));

七、常见问题解决

Q1: 文件夹显示重复内容

原因：COS返回的CommonPrefixes和Contents可能存在交集

解决方案：

function filterDuplicate(data) {const allKeys = new Set([...data.CommonPrefixes.map(p => p.Prefix),...data.Contents.map(c => c.Key)]);return Array.from(allKeys).sort();
}

Q2: 移动文件报错"No Such Key"

原因：源文件已被其他操作修改

解决方案：添加版本控制

client.postObjectCopy({// ...CopySourceVersionId: '最新版本号' // 需启用版本控制
});

Q3: 大批量操作超时

解决方案：分片处理

async function chunkedBatchDelete(keys, chunkSize = 1000) {for (let i = 0; i < keys.length; i += chunkSize) {const chunk = keys.slice(i, i + chunkSize);await batchDelete(chunk);}
}