SpringBoot 依赖之 Spring for RabbitMQ

在 IntelliJ IDEA 中创建 Spring Boot 项目并调试 Spring for RabbitMQ 的完整流程。

概念

Spring for RabbitMQ

依赖名称: Spring for RabbitMQ
功能描述: Gives your applications a common platform to send and receive messages, and your messages a safe place to live until received.
中文释义：为您的应用程序提供一个发送和接收消息的通用平台，并为您的消息提供一个安全的存放位置，直到收到为止。

集成：

1. 创建 Spring Boot 项目

创建项目的步骤以往的文章都有详细步骤，这里不再细说。
如参考：
SpringBoot 依赖之Spring Web

选择合适的依赖 Spring for RabbitMQ 和 Spring Boot DevTools（用于开发时的热部署），其他需要的依赖也可以自行添加，比如Spring Web，Lombok等。
IDEA 将自动创建并初始化项目。

2. 添加 RabbitMQ 依赖

通常，通过 Spring Initializr 创建的项目已经包含了 Spring for RabbitMQ 依赖。如果没有，可以手动添加：

在 pom.xml 中添加以下依赖：

<dependencies><!-- Spring Boot Starter for RabbitMQ --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><!-- Spring Boot DevTools (Optional for Hot Reload) --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId><scope>runtime</scope><optional>true</optional></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId><artifactId>lombok</artifactId><optional>true</optional></dependency><!-- JUnit for testing --><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency></dependencies>

3. 配置 RabbitMQ

在 src/main/resources/application.properties 中，配置 RabbitMQ 的连接信息：

spring.application.name=spring-for-rabbitmqspring.rabbitmq.host=localhost
spring.rabbitmq.port=5672
spring.rabbitmq.username=guest
spring.rabbitmq.password=guest
spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host: /mirror  #virtual-host起隔离作用，默认为：/
#自定义配置
spring.rabbitmq.template.default-receive-queue=myQueue
spring.rabbitmq.template.exchange=myExchange
spring.rabbitmq.template.routing-key=myRoutingKey

如果你有自定义的队列、交换器等配置，也可以在 application.properties 中添加：

spring.rabbitmq.template.default-receive-queue=myQueue
spring.rabbitmq.template.exchange=myExchange
spring.rabbitmq.template.routing-key=myRoutingKey

4. 编写生产者和消费者代码

4.1 创建 RabbitMQ 配置类

首先，创建一个配置类，用于声明队列、交换器和绑定：

package com.example.springforrabbitmq.configuration;import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Binding;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.BindingBuilder;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Queue;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.TopicExchange;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.config.ConfigurableBeanFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Scope;/*** @author zhizhou   2024/9/3 23:10*/
@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {private final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(this.getClass());@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.host}")private String host;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.port}")private int port;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.username}")private String username;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.password}")private String password;@Value("${spring.rabbitmq.virtual-host}")private String virtualhost;public static final String QUEUE_NAME = "myQueue";public static final String EXCHANGE_NAME = "myExchange";@Beanpublic Queue queue() {return new Queue(QUEUE_NAME, false);}@Beanpublic TopicExchange exchange() {return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_NAME);}@Beanpublic Binding binding(Queue queue, TopicExchange exchange) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(exchange).with("routing.key.#");}@Beanpublic ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory(host, port);connectionFactory.setUsername(username);connectionFactory.setPassword(password);connectionFactory.setVirtualHost(virtualhost);return connectionFactory;}@Beanpublic RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate(ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate = new RabbitTemplate(connectionFactory);return rabbitTemplate;}}

4.2 编写消息生产者

接下来，编写一个服务类，发送消息到 RabbitMQ：

package com.example.springforrabbitmq.service;import com.example.springforrabbitmq.configuration.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author zhizhou   2024/9/3 23:11*/
@Service
public class MessageProducer {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;public void sendMessage(String message) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(RabbitMQConfig.EXCHANGE_NAME, "routing.key.test", message);System.out.println("Message Sent: " + message);}
}

4.3 编写消息消费者

创建一个消费者类，处理从 RabbitMQ 接收的消息：

package com.example.springforrabbitmq.service;import com.example.springforrabbitmq.configuration.RabbitMQConfig;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;/*** @author zhizhou   2024/9/3 23:12*/@Service
public class MessageConsumer {@RabbitListener(queues = RabbitMQConfig.QUEUE_NAME)public void receiveMessage(String message) {System.out.println("Message Received: " + message);}
}

5. 编写和运行测试

5.1 编写测试类

编写一个简单的测试类来测试消息的发送和接收：

package com.example.springforrabbitmq;import com.example.springforrabbitmq.service.MessageProducer;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.Test;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;/*** @author zhizhou   2024/9/3 23:13*/
@SpringBootTest
public class RabbitMQIntegrationTest {@Autowiredprivate MessageProducer messageProducer;@Testpublic void testSendMessage() {messageProducer.sendMessage("Hello, 兔子宝宝🐰!");}
}