5、SpringBoot整合RabbitMQ

5.1 工作队列模式

1、生产者

引入依赖

<dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-amqp</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId><artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope></dependency><dependency><groupId>org.springframework.amqp</groupId><artifactId>spring-rabbit-test</artifactId><scope>test</scope>
</dependency>

添加配置

spring:rabbitmq:addresses: amqp://pinkboy:123456@8.136.108.248:5672//

声明工作队列（WORK_Queue)名称

public class Constants {// 工作模式public static final String WORK_QUEUE = "work.queue";
}

声明队列

@Bean 在这里的作用是将 workQueue() 方法创建的队列对象纳入 Spring 容器进行统一管理

@Configuration
public class RabbitMQConfig {@Bean("workQueue")public Queue workQueue() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.WORK_QUEUE).build();}
}

@RequestMapping("/producer")
@RestController
public class ProducerController {@Autowiredprivate RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;@RequestMapping("/work")public String work() {//使用内置交换机，RoutingKey，和队列名一致for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend("", Constants.WORK_QUEUE, "hello spring amqp : work..." + i);}return "发送成功!";}
}

2、编写消费者代码

@Component
public class DirectListener {@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1)public void queueListener1(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2)public void queueListener2(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}
}

@RabbitListener是Spring框架中用于监听RabbitMq队列的注解，这通过使用这个注解，可以定义一个方以便从RabbitMQ队列中接收消息，该注解支持多种参数类型，这些参数类型代表了从RabitMQ接收到的消息和相关信息

以下是一些常用参数类型

1、String ：返回消息的内容

2、Message ：Spring AMQP的Message类，返回原始的消息体以及消息的属性，如消息、内容、队列信息等

3、Channel ：RbbitMQ的通道对象，可以用于进行更高级的操作，如手动确认消息

3、观察运行结果

1、运行项目调用接口发送消息

监听消息并打印

两个消费者竞争消费队列中的消息

5.2 Publish/Subscribe（发布订阅模式）

1、编写生产者代码

和简单模式的区别是: 需要创建交换机, 并且绑定队列和交换机

声明队列, 交换机, 绑定队列和交换机

  // 发布订阅模式public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE1 = "fanout.queue1";public static final String FANOUT_QUEUE2 = "fanout.queue2";public static final String FANOUT_EXCHANGE = "fanout.exchange";

 //广播模式@Bean("fanoutQueue1")public Queue fanoutQueue1() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1).build();}@Bean("fanoutQueue2")public Queue fanoutQueue2() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2).build();}@Bean("fanoutExchange")public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.fanoutExchange(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();}@Bean("fanoutQueueBinding1")public Binding fanoutQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, @Qualifier("fanoutQueue1") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);}@Bean("fanoutQueueBinding2")public Binding fanoutQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("fanoutExchange") FanoutExchange fanoutExchange, @Qualifier("fanoutQueue2") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(fanoutExchange);}

使用接口发送消息

 @RequestMapping("/fanout")public String fanout() {//使用内置交换机，RoutingKey，和队列名一致for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.FANOUT_EXCHANGE, "", "hello spring amqp : fanout..." + i);}return "发送成功!";}

2、编写消费者代码

定义监听类

@Component
public class FanoutListener {@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1)public void queueListener1(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE1 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2)public void queueListener2(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.FANOUT_QUEUE2 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}
}

3、观察运行结果

调用接口

消息以广播的形式发送给两个消费者

5.3 Routing(路由模式)

交换机类型为Direct时，会把消息交给符合指定routingkey的队列.
队列和交换机的绑定，不是任意的绑定了，而是要指定一个RoutingKey(路由key)
消息的发送方在向Exchange发送消息时，也需要指定消息的RoutingKey
Exchange也不再把消息交给每一个绑定的key，而是根据消息的RoutingKey进行判断，只有队列的RoutingKey和消息的RoutingKey完全一致，才会接收到消息

1、编写生产者代码

声明队列, 交换机, 绑定队列和交换机

// 路由模式public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE1 = "direct.queue1";public static final String DIRECT_QUEUE2 = "direct.queue2";public static final String DIRECT_EXCHANGE = "direct.exchange";

//路由模式@Bean("directQueue1")public Queue directQueue1() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1).build();}@Bean("directQueue2")public Queue directQueue2() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2).build();}@Bean("directExchange")public DirectExchange directExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();}@Bean("directQueueBinding1")public Binding directQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue1") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");}@Bean("directQueueBinding2")public Binding directQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("black");}@Bean("directQueueBinding3")public Binding directQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("directExchange") DirectExchange directExchange, @Qualifier("directQueue2") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(directExchange).with("orange");}

使用接口发送消息

@RequestMapping("/direct/{routingKey}")public String direct(@PathVariable("routingKey") String routingKey) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.DIRECT_EXCHANGE, routingKey, "hello spring amqp:direct,my routing key is " + routingKey);return "发送成功!";}

2、编写消费者代码

定义监听类

@Component
public class DirectListener {@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1)public void queueListener1(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2)public void queueListener2(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}
}

3、运行程序，观察结果

1、调用接口发送routingkey为orange的消息

queue1 和 queue2 分别接收到orange消息

2、调用接口发送routingkey为black的消息

5.4 Topic(通配符模式）

1、编写生产者代码

   //通配符模式public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE1 = "topic.queue1";public static final String TOPIC_QUEUE2 = "topic.queue2";public static final String TOPIC_EXCHANGE = "topic.exchange";

//通配符模式@Bean("topicQueue1")public Queue topicQueue1() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE1).build();}@Bean("topicQueue2")public Queue topicQueue2() {return QueueBuilder.durable(Constants.TOPIC_QUEUE2).build();}@Bean("topicExchange")public TopicExchange topicExchange() {return ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE).durable(true).build();}@Bean("topicQueueBinding1")public Binding topicQueueBinding1(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue1") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.orange.*");}@Bean("topicQueueBinding2")public Binding topicQueueBinding2(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("*.*.rabbit");}@Bean("topicQueueBinding3")public Binding topicQueueBinding3(@Qualifier("topicExchange") TopicExchange topicExchange, @Qualifier("topicQueue2") Queue queue) {return BindingBuilder.bind(queue).to(topicExchange).with("lazy.#");}

使用接口发送消息

@RequestMapping("/topic/{routingKey}")public String topic(@PathVariable("routingKey") String routingKey) {rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(Constants.TOPIC_EXCHANGE, routingKey, "hello spring amqp:topic,my routing key is " + routingKey);return "发送成功!";}

2、编写生产者代码

定义监听类

@Component
public class DirectListener {@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1)public void queueListener1(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE1 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}@RabbitListener(queues = Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2)public void queueListener2(String message) {System.out.println("[" + Constants.DIRECT_QUEUE2 + "]" + "接收到的信息：" + message);}
}