ubuntu环境中安装latex并使用vscode

参考：https://blog.csdn.net/Hacker_MAI/article/details/130334821
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/136209984
论文最好的格式还是使用latex进行编写，尤其是公式那块，所以就需要在ubuntu开发环境中安装好latex进行学习。
1texlive安装
这是一个镜像文件，可以从清华源下载https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/CTAN/systems/texlive/Images/

为了显示图形化界面，先安装图形化界面（可选）：

sudo apt-get install perl-tk

下载好texlive.ios后进行挂载：

sudo mount texlive2024.iso/mnt

启动图形界面安装（可选）

sudo ./install-tl -gui

或者

sudo perl ./install-tl --no-interaction

安装完成后卸载镜像文件

sudo umount /mnt

接下来添加texlive的环境变量，我们打开bashrc：

sudo gedit ~/.bashrc

添加内容为

export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/bin/x86_64-linux:$PATH
export PATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/texmf-dist/scripts/latexindent:$PATH
export MANPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/texmf-dist/doc/man:$MANPATH
export INFOPATH=/usr/local/texlive/2024/texmf-dist/doc/info:$INFOPATH

完成后重新加载配置：

source /etc/profile

然后就可以查看安装是否成功了：

tex --version

我们可以额外安装一下依赖支持

sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-extra
sudo apt-get install texlive-latex-recommended
sudo apt-get install texlive-science
sudo apt-get install texlive-xetex
sudo apt-get install chktex

vscode也需要安装一些插件

注意，由于ubuntu中的字体有限，所以latex容易编译失败，此时需要我们先去win获取一些字体！！！！！！！
在 windows 下进入 C 盘下的 C:/windows/Fonts 下将需要的字体拷贝出来，放到新建的文件夹中
下一步将拷贝出来的字体文件通过 U 盘拷贝至 Ubuntu 下

在vscode中新建一个tex文件，即可看到不错的效果：

%中文模板：版本 v2020.4.28 作者：Bang
%操作系统 Ubuntu(20.04 LTS) 编辑器 VS Code%切换编译器为xelatex以输入中文
%! TEX program=xelatex\documentclass[UTF8,11pt,a4paper]{ctexart}%UTF-8编码，文字大小11，纸张类型A4
\usepackage[T1]{fontenc}% 加载宏包 fontenc 防止某些符号显示不正常\usepackage[textwidth=18cm]{geometry} % 设置页宽=18
%加载数学宏包
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usepackage{amssymb}
%加载插图宏包 graphicx 以在 pdf 中插入图片
\usepackage{graphicx}\usepackage{blindtext}
\usepackage{bm}
\parindent=0pt\begin{document}
\begin{sloppypar} % geometry 宏包命令你好，世界！\end{sloppypar} % geometry 宏包命令
\end{document}

当然我们也可以去配置一下对应的环境
配置1
setting.json:

{"latex-workshop.view.pdf.viewer": "tab", //tab:使用VSCode自带的pdf阅读器"latex-workshop.latex.autoClean.run": "onBuilt", //何时应删除LaTeX辅助文件,要清理的文件夹在latex-workshop.latex.outDir中定义,onFailed:在编译失败时清除项目,onBuild:不论编译成功与否都在编译终止时清除项目"latex-workshop.latex.autoBuild.run": "never", //onFileChange:在检测到任何文件中的更改（甚至被其他应用程序修改）时编译（默认）,never:当你命令编译时才编译"[latex]": {"editor.formatOnSave": false, //true:在保存时格式化文件。格式化程序必须可用,延迟后文件不能保存,并且编辑器不能关闭},"latex-workshop.latex.clean.fileTypes": [ //要清理的文件,此属性必须是字符串数组 例如 *.removemable"*.aux","*.bbl","*.blg","*.idx","*.ind","*.lof","*.lot","*.out","*.toc","*.acn","*.acr","*.alg","*.glg","*.glo","*.gls","*.ist","*.fls","*.log","*.fdb_latexmk",],
}

配置2
setting.json:

{"latex-workshop.latex.autoBuild.run":"onSave","latex-workshop.latex.autoBuild.interval":10000,"latex-workshop.latex.recipes": [{"name": "xelatex","tools": ["xelatex"]},{"name": "pdflatex","tools":["pdflatex"]},{"name": "xelatex(double)","tools": ["xelatex","xelatex"]},{"name": "xe->bib->xe(double)","tools": ["xelatex","bibtex","xelatex","xelatex"]}],"latex-workshop.latex.tools": [{"name": "xelatex","command": "xelatex","args": ["-synctex=1","-interaction=nonstopmode","-file-line-error","%DOCFILE%"]},{"name": "pdflatex","command": "pdflatex","args": ["-synctex=1","-interaction=nonstopmode","-file-line-error","%DOCFILE%"]},{"name": "bibtex","command": "bibtex","args": ["%DOCFILE%"]}],"latex-workshop.latex.autoClean.run": "onBuilt",//这个其实可要可不要."latex-workshop.latex.clean.fileTypes": [//事实上写个makefile直接make clean就好了"*.aux", //而且万一编译错误的话这些文件都会被清除，log文件里面的报错信息也没了"*.bbl","*.blg","*.idx","*.ind","*.lof","*.lot","*.out","*.toc","*.acn","*.acr","*.alg","*.glg","*.glo","*.gls","*.ist","*.fls","*.log","*.fdb_latexmk"]}