基于 Flask、JWT 和 Vue 的前后端分离架构是一种现代且流行的开发方式，它允许前端和后端独立开发、部署和扩展。以下是一个基本的实现步骤和示例代码，帮助你快速搭建这样的架构。
后端(flask+jwt)
安装依赖
pip install Flask Flask-JWT-Extended创建 Flask 应用
创建一个简单的 Flask 应用，包括用户注册、登录和受保护的路由。
from flask import Flask,jsonify,request
from flask_jwt_extended import JWTManager,create_access_token,jwt_required,get_jwt_identity
from flask_cors import CORS
app=Flask(__name__)
app.config['JWT_SECRET_KEY']='123456'
jwt=JWTManager(app)
CORS(app)@app.route('/login',methods=['POST'])
def login():username=request.json.get('username',None)password=request.json.get('password',None)if username!='admin' or password !='password':return jsonify({"msg":"bad name or password"})access_token=create_access_token(identity=username)return jsonify(access_token=access_token)
#受保护的路由
@app.route('/protected',methods=['GET'])
@jwt_required()
def protected():current_user=get_jwt_identity()return jsonify(logged_in_as=current_user),200if __name__=='__main__':app.run(debug=True)前端（Vue）
安装 Vue CLI
如果你还没有安装 Vue CLI，可以通过以下命令安装：
npm install -g @vue/cli创建 Vue 项目
创建一个新的 Vue 项目：
vue create my-vue-app
cd my-vue-app安装 Axios
Axios 是一个基于 Promise 的 HTTP 客户端，用于浏览器和 node.js。
npm install axios创建 Vue 组件和服务
在 src 目录下，创建一些基本的组件和服务来处理登录、注册和受保护的请求。
src/services/authService.js
import axios from 'axios';const API_URL = 'http://127.0.0.1:5000'; // 后端 API 地址const register = async (username, password) => {const response = await axios.post(`${API_URL}/register`, { username, password });return response.data;
};const login = async (username, password) => {const response = await axios.post(`${API_URL}/login`, { username, password });localStorage.setItem('token', response.data.access_token);return response.data;
};const getToken = () => {return localStorage.getItem('token');
};const setHeaders = (axiosInstance) => {axiosInstance.interceptors.request.use(config => {const token = getToken();if (token) {config.headers['Authorization'] = `Bearer ${token}`;}return config;},error => {return Promise.reject(error);});
};const axiosInstance = axios.create();
setHeaders(axiosInstance);const getProtectedResource = async () => {const response = await axiosInstance.get(`${API_URL}/protected`);return response.data;
};export { register, login, getProtectedResource };创建Login, Proteced组件
src/components/Login.vue
<template><div><h2>Login</h2><form @submit.prevent="loginUser"><div><label for="username">Username:</label><input type="text" v-model="username" required /></div><div><label for="password">Password:</label><input type="password" v-model="password" required /></div><button type="submit">Login</button></form></div>
</template><script>
import { login } from '../services/authService';export default {data() {return {username: '',password: ''};},methods: {async loginUser() {try {const response = await login(this.username, this.password);alert('Login successful');// 你可以在这里重定向到受保护的页面或其他逻辑} catch (error) {alert('Login failed');}}}
};
</script>src/components/Protected.vue
<template><div><h2>Protected Resource</h2><div v-if="loading">Loading...</div><div v-else-if="error">{{ error }}</div><div v-else><p>Logged in as: {{ user }}</p></div></div>
</template><script>
import { getProtectedResource } from '../services/authService';export default {data() {return {user: null,loading: true,error: null};},created() {this.fetchProtectedResource();},methods: {async fetchProtectedResource() {try {const response = await getProtectedResource();this.user = response.logged_in_as;} catch (error) {this.error = 'Failed to fetch protected resource';} finally {this.loading = false;}}}
};
</script>src/App.vue
<template><div id="app"><router-view></router-view></div>
</template><script>
export default {name: 'App'
};
</script>创建路由组件
src/router/index.js
import Vue from 'vue';
import {createRouter, createWebHistory} from 'vue-router'
import Login from '@/components/Login.vue';
import Protected from '@/components/Protected.vue';Vue.use(Router);
const routes:=[{path: '/',name: 'Login',component: Login},{path: '/protected',name: 'Protected',component: Protected,meta: { requiresAuth: true }}]const router = createRouter({history: createWebHistory(),routes
})// 路由守卫，检查token
router.beforeEach((to, from, next) => {const token = localStorage.getItem('token');if (to.matched.some(record => record.meta.requiresAuth) && !token) {next('/login');} else {next();}
})export default router
前端main代码
src/main.js
import { createApp } from 'vue'
import App from './App.vue'
import router from './router'createApp(App).use(router).mount('#app')
